L-glutamine and N-acetyl cysteine - Alcohol inhibits the availability of glucose through an insulin-mediated mechanism. L-Glutamine and N-acetyl cysteine contain a sulfhydryl group effective in scavenging acetaldehyde and to help the liver manufacture glutathione, one of the body's most important naturally occurring antioxidants and detoxifiers. N-acetyl cysteine (an acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine) helps increase the oxidation cycle of ethanol, lowering acetaldehyde levels in the blood, liver and brain. L-glutamine helps speed up the process of reducing NADH back to NAD+ via the malate-aspartate shuttle, to correct the cellular imbalance in the NADH/NAD+, widely believed to be one of the metabolic effects of ethanol intoxication. L-glutamine also appears to reduce the craving for sugar and carbohydrates.

L-alanine - L-Alanine is an amino acid that is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. Alanine plays a major role in transferring nitrogen from tissue sites in the body to the liver, where it plays a significant role in maintaining the body's blood sugar balance.

L-malic acid - L-malic acid, a fruit-derived amino acid, is a key intermediate in the major biochemical energy-producing cycle in cells known as the citric acid or Krebs cycle located in the cells' mitochondria, where it plays an essential role in the production of energy.

Malic acid is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract from whence it is transported via the portal circulation to the liver. The mitochondrial malic enzyme, particularly in brain cells, may play a key role in the pyruvate recycling pathway, which utilizes dicarboxylic acids and substrates, such as glutamine, to provide pyruvate to maintain the citric acid cycle activity when glucose and lactate are low. It also helps remove high levels of phosphorous and aluminum from the body.